Cameroon vs Ivory Coast Live Score scorecard, World Cup Qual
[39] The trading post at Grand-Bassam was left in the care of a shipper from Marseille, Arthur Verdier, who in 1878 was named Resident of the Establishment of Ivory Coast. [39] In 1886, to support its claims of effective occupation, France again assumed direct control of its West African coastal trading posts and embarked on an accelerated program of exploration in the interior. [41] In 1887, Lieutenant Louis-Gustave Binger began a two-year journey that traversed parts of Ivory Coast's interior. By the end of the journey, he had concluded four treaties establishing French protectorates in Ivory Coast.
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Within the section on greater wealth creation and social equity (63. 8% of the total budget for the Plan), just 1. 2% is allocated to scientific research. Twenty-four national research programmes group public and private research and training institutions around a common research theme. These programmes correspond to eight priority sectors for 2012–2015, namely: health, raw materials, agriculture, culture, environment, governance, mining and energy; and technology. [121] Culture[edit] Each of the ethnic groups in the Ivory Coast has its own music genres, most showing strong vocal polyphony. Talking drums are common, especially among the Appolo, and polyrhythms, another African characteristic, are found throughout Ivory Coast and are especially common in the southwest.
WASH focuses on safe drinkable water, hygiene, and proper sanitation. The group has had a major impact on the sub-Saharan region of Africa, particularly the Ivory Coast. By 2030, they plan to have universal and equal access to safe and affordable drinking water. [79] Military[edit] As of 2012, major equipment items reported by the Ivory Coast Army included 10 T-55 tanks (marked as potentially unserviceable), five AMX-13 light tanks, 34 reconnaissance vehicles, 10 BMP-1/2 armoured infantry fighting vehicles, 41 wheeled APCs, and 36+ artillery pieces.
[34] The Ghana Empire, the earliest of the Sudanic empires, flourished in the region encompassing present-day southeast Mauritania and southern Mali between the 4th and 13th centuries. [34] At the peak of its power in the 11th century, its realms extended from the Atlantic Ocean to Timbuktu. [34] After the decline of Ghana, the Mali Empire grew into a powerful Muslim state, which reached its apogee in the early part of the 14th century. [34] The territory of the Mali Empire in the Ivory Coast was limited to the northwest corner around Odienné. [34] Its slow decline starting at the end of the 14th century followed internal discord and revolts by vassal states, one of which, Songhai, flourished as an empire between the 14th and 16th centuries.
[113] Health[edit] Life expectancy at birth was 42 for males in 2004; for females it was 47. [114] Infant mortality was 118 of 1000 live births. [114] Twelve physicians are available per 100, 000 people. [114] About a quarter of the population lives below the international poverty line of US$1. 25 a day. [115] About 36% of women have undergone female genital mutilation. [116] According to 2010 estimates, Ivory Coast has the 27th-highest maternal mortality rate in the world. [117] The HIV/AIDS rate was 19th-highest in the world, estimated in 2012 at 3. 20% among adults aged 15–49 years.
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In 1944, he formed the country's first agricultural trade union for African cocoa farmers like himself. Angered that colonial policy favoured French plantation owners, the union members united to recruit migrant workers for their own farms. Houphouët-Boigny soon rose to prominence and was elected to the French Parliament in Paris within a year. A year later, the French abolished forced labour. Houphouët-Boigny established a strong relationship with the French government, expressing a belief that Ivory Coast would benefit from the relationship, which it did for many years. France appointed him as a minister, the first African to become a minister in a European government. [47] A turning point in relations with France was reached with the 1956 Overseas Reform Act (Loi Cadre), which transferred several powers from Paris to elected territorial governments in French West Africa and also removed the remaining voting inequities.
[45] Although strongly opposed to the practices of association, educated Ivorians believed that they would achieve equality in the French colonial system through assimilation rather than through complete independence from France. [45] After the assimilation doctrine was implemented through the postwar reforms, though, Ivorian leaders realized that even assimilation implied the superiority of the French over the Ivorians and that discrimination and inequality would end only with independence. [45] Independence[edit] Félix Houphouët-Boigny, the son of a Baoulé chief, became Ivory Coast's father of independence.
By 1979, the country was the world's leading producer of cocoa. It also became Africa's leading exporter of pineapples and palm oil. French technicians contributed to the "Ivorian miracle". In other African nations, the people drove out the Europeans following independence, but in Ivory Coast, they poured in. The French community grew from only 30, 000 before independence to 60, 000 in 1980, most of them teachers, managers, and advisors. [49] For 20 years, the economy maintained an annual growth rate of nearly 10%—the highest of Africa's non-oil-exporting countries. Houphouët-Boigny administration[edit] Houphouët-Boigny's one-party rule was not amenable to political competition.
At the end of secondary education, students can sit for the baccalauréat examination. Universities include Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny in Abidjan and the Université Alassane Ouattara in Bouaké. Science and technology[edit] According to the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Ivory Coast devotes about 0. 13% of GDP to GERD. Apart from low investment, other challenges include inadequate scientific equipment, the fragmentation of research organizations and a failure to exploit and protect research results. [121] Ivory Coast was ranked 114st in the Global Innovation Index in 2021, down from 103rd in 2019. [122][123][124][125] The share of the National Development Plan for 2012–2015 that is devoted to scientific research remains modest.
[60] In 2010, a colonel of Ivory Coast armed forces, Nguessan Yao, was arrested in New York in a year-long U. S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement operation charged with procuring and illegal export of weapons and munitions: 4, 000 handguns, 200, 000 rounds of ammunition, and 50, 000 tear-gas grenades, in violation of a UN embargo. [61] Several other Ivory Coast officers were released because they had diplomatic passports. His accomplice, Michael Barry Shor, an international trader, was located in Virginia. [62][63]A shelter for internally displaced persons during the 2011 civil war The 2010 presidential election led to the 2010–2011 Ivorian crisis and the Second Ivorian Civil War.
[42] The French responded to Ture's expansion and conquest with military pressure. [42] French campaigns against Ture, which were met with fierce resistance, intensified in the mid-1890s until he was captured in 1898 and his empire dissolved. [42] France's imposition of a head tax in 1900 to support the colony's public works program provoked protests. [43] Many Ivorians saw the tax as a violation of the protectorate treaties because they felt that France was demanding the equivalent of a coutume from the local kings, rather than the reverse. [43] Many, especially in the interior, also considered the tax a humiliating symbol of submission.
4[2]Population• 2021 census29, 389, 150[3]• Density91. 1/km2 (235. 9/sq mi) (139th)GDP (PPP)2022 estimate• Total$173. 188 billion[4] (77th)• Per capita$6, 103[4]GDP (nominal)2022 estimate• Total$75. 075 billion[4] (72nd)• Per capita$2, 646[4]Gini (2015) 41. 5[5]mediumHDI (2021) 0. 550[6]medium · 159thCurrencyWest African CFA franc (XOF)Time zoneUTC±00:00 (GMT)Date formatdd/mm/yyyyDriving siderightCalling code+225ISO 3166 codeCIInternet TLD. ci Including approximately 130, 000 Lebanese and 14, 000 French people. ^ The 2021 census did not report the religious affiliation of the remaining 2. 2% of the population.
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[118] Education[edit] Among sub-Saharan African countries, Ivory Coast has one of the highest literacy rates. [2] According to The World Factbook as of 2019, 89. 9% of the population aged 15 and over can read and write. [119] A large part of the adult population, in particular women, is illiterate. Many children between 6 and 10 years old are not enrolled in school. [120] The majority of students in secondary education are male.
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